Acta Informatica Pragensia 2021, 10(3), 236-256 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.1624762
Czech and Slovak Educators' Online Teaching Experience: A Covid-19 Case Study
- 1 Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okruľní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- 2 Faculty of Commerce, University of Economics in Bratislava, Dolnozemská cesta 1, 852 35 Bratislava 5, Slovak Republic
- 3 Faculty of Economics, University of Finance and Administration, Estonská 500, 101 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
- 4 School of Management, City University of Seattle in Slovakia, Panónska cesta 17, 851 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
The surge in interest in online teaching increased not only due to the pandemic. It had been growing even before. The main objective of this study is therefore to explore how online teaching has changed. It addresses experience and opinions of educators of Czech and Slovak universities in the period from the first days of the COVID-19 lockdown (March 2020) till the peak of its second wave (May 2021). To examine the impact of disharmony, the authors investigated Czech and Slovak university educators’ activities and behaviour during their online teaching. A descriptive statistics approach was applied. A total of 172 educators participated in our online survey. Our results reveal that online teaching has become a fundamental component of their education. Our outcomes demonstrate their low preparation for this unexpected event as well as their quick adaptation to the new situation. Additionally, data indicate that their difficulties reconcile their previous experience and teaching practices with online teaching. Finally, they show that about half of them are still sceptical about the future of online education and dream of return to traditional teaching. Our results also indicate that universities should facilitate their efforts in developing online education methodology and overall support to their educators.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; Experience in online education; Higher education; Online teaching; Social informatics.
Received: August 1, 2021; Revised: October 15, 2021; Accepted: October 23, 2021; Prepublished online: October 24, 2021; Published: December 31, 2021 Show citation
ACS | AIP | APA | ASA | Harvard | Chicago | Chicago Notes | IEEE | ISO690 | MLA | NLM | Turabian | Vancouver |
References
- Abou El-Seoud, S., Seddiek, N., Taj-Eddin, I., Ghenghesh, P., Nosseir, A., & El-Khouly, M. (2014). E-Learning and Students' Motivation: A Research Study on the Effect of E-Learning on Higher Education. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 9(4), 20. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v9i4.3465
Go to original source...
- Ahmadi, J., & Nourabadi, S. (2020). Implementation barriers in virtual education in Payame Noor University in Iran. Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, 25(2), 202-209.
- Allen, I. E. & Seaman, J. (2010). Class differences: Online education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group.
- Allen, I. E., Seaman, J., Lederman, D., & Jaschik. S. (2012). Conflicted: Faculty and online education. Inside Higher Ed & Babson Survey Research Group.
- Andrade, M. S. (2016). Online Learning: Strategies for Pedagogical Retooling. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU 2016) - Volume 2, (pp. 85-90). SCITEPRESS.
Go to original source...
- Aristovnik, A., Kerľič, D., Tomaľevič, N., & Umek, L. (2016). Determining Factors of Students' Perceived Usefulness of E-learning in Higher Education. In International Conference e-Learning, (pp. 3-10). International Association for the Development of the Information Society.
- Aslanian, C. (2001). You're never too old: Excerpts from adult students today. Community College Journal, 71(5), 56-58.
- Barkhartova, D., Nigmatulina, E., & Stepanova, T. (2017). Social Informatics: Natural Tools for Students' Information Training in The Conditions of Embodied and Mental Approaches Being Employed. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 8(2), 100-116.
Go to original source...
- Barker, A. (2003). Faculty development for teaching online: Educational and technological issues. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 34(6), 273-278.
Go to original source...
- Beblavý, M., Baiocco, S., Kilhoffer, Z., Akgüc, M., & Jacquot, M. (2019). Index of Readiness for Digital Lifelong Learning. https://www.ceps.eu/download/publication/?id=25419&pdf=Index-of-Readiness-for-Digital-Lifelong-Learning.pdf
- Burçin Hamutoğlu, N., N Ünveren-Bilgiç, E., Cem Salar, H., & L Şahin, Y. (2021). The Effect of E-Learning Experience on Readiness, Attitude, and Self-Control/Self-Management. Journal of Information Technology Education: Innovations in Practice, 20, 093-120. https://doi.org/10.28945/4822
Go to original source...
- Carey, K. (2020, March 13). Everybody Ready for the Big Migration to Online College? Actually, No. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/upshot/coronavirus-online-college-classes-unprepared.html
- Cengage. (2021). Digital Learning Pulse Survey Findings. https://info.cengage.com/LP=5443
- Chakraborty, P., Mittal, P., Gupta, M. S., Yadav, S., & Arora, A. (2020). Opinion of Students on Online Education during The COVID -19 Pandemic. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 3(3), 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.240
Go to original source...
- Chizmar, J. F., & Williams, D. B. (2001). What do faculty want?. https://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0112.pdf
- Coman, C., Țîru, L. G., Meseșan-Schmitz, L., Stanciu, C., & Bularca, M. C. (2020). Online Teaching and Learning in Higher Education during the Coronavirus Pandemic: Students' Perspective. Sustainability, 12(24), 10367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410367
Go to original source...
- Conrad, D. (2004). University instructors' reflections on their first online teaching experiences. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 8(2), 3-44.
Go to original source...
- Cox, M. J., & Marshall, G. (2007). Effects of ICT: Do we know what we should know? Education and Information Technologies, 12(2), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-007-9032-x
Go to original source...
- Currie, G., Hewis, J., Nelson, T., Chandler, A., Nabasenja, C., Spuur, K., Barry, K., Frame, N., & Kilgour, A. (2020). COVID-19 impact on undergraduate teaching: Medical radiation science teaching team experience. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, 51(4), 518-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2020.09.002
Go to original source...
- Davidekova, M., & Hvorecky, J. (2017). ICT Collaboration Tools for Virtual Teams in Terms of the SECI Model. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 7(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v7i1.6502
Go to original source...
- Dawley, L., Rice, K., & Hinck, G. (2010). Going Virtual! The Status of Professional Development and Unique Needs of K-12 Online Teachers. https://aurora-institute.org/wp-content/uploads/goingvirtual3.pdf
- Dhawan, S. (2020). Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
Go to original source...
- Ditacademy. (2017). Is Online Learning Effective Learning?. https://ditacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Online-Learning-Effective.pdf
- Duffin, E. (2020). E-learning and digital education. https://www.statista.com/topics/3115/e-learning-and-digital-education/
- Espinoza, C. (2012). Millennial values and boundaries in the classroom. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2012(131), 29-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.20025
Go to original source...
- Eurostat. (2021). Individuals - internet use. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/isoc_ci_ifp_iu/default/bar?lang=en
- Franklin, U., & Nahari, A. (2018). The Impact of E-Learning on Academic Performance: Preliminary Examination of King Khalid University. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 7(1), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v7-i1/3903
Go to original source...
- Fricker, R. D. (2015). Sampling Methods for Online Surveys. In The SAGE Handbook of Online Research Methods (Chapter 10). SAGE. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957992.n10
Go to original source...
- Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2012). Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines. Jossey-Bass.
- Gedeon, P., & Khalil, L. (2015). Management of the Transition to e-Learning in Higher Education Based on Competence Quotient. Procedia Computer Science, 65, 324-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.091
Go to original source...
- Geith, C., & Vignare, K. (2008). Access to Education with Online Learning and Open Educational Recourses: Can They Close the Gap?. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12(1), 105-126.
Go to original source...
- Gerasimova, V. G., Melamud, M. R., Tutaeva, D. R., Romanova, Y. D., & Zhenova N. A. (2018). The Adoption of E-Learning Technology at the Faculty of Distance Learning of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 9(2), 172-188.
- Gokah, T. K., Gupta, N., & Ndiweni, E. (2015). E-Learning in Higher Education - Opportunities & Challenges for Dubai. International Journal on E-learning, 14(4), 443-470.
- Hall, R., Dráµ, P., Fridrichová, P., Hapalová, M., Lukáč, S., Miąkolci, J., & Vančíková, K. (2019). Analýza zistení o stave ąkolstva na Slovensku: To dá rozum. https://analyza.todarozum.sk/analyza-zisteni-o-stave-skolstva-na-slovensku.pdf
- Kazmer, M. M., & Haythornthwaite, C. (2005). Multiple perspectives on online learning. ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin, 25(1), 7-11. https://doi.org/10.1145/1067699.1067701
Go to original source...
- Heaton-Shrestha, C., May, S., & Burke, L. (2009). Student retention in higher education: what role for virtual learning environments? Journal of Further and Higher Education, 33(1), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098770802645189
Go to original source...
- Heiden, M., Widar, L., Wiitavaara, B., & Boman, E. (2021). Telework in academia: associations with health and well-being among staff. Higher Education, 81, 707-722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00569-4
Go to original source...
- Heirdsfield, A., Walker, S., Tambyah, M., & Beutel, D. (2011). Blackboard As An Online Learning Environment: What Do Teacher Education Students And Staff Think? Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 36(7), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2011v36n7.4
Go to original source...
- Higher Education Academy. (2015). Framework for flexible learning in higher education. The Higher Education Academy. https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/enhancement/frameworks/framework-flexible-learning-higher-education
- Hvorecký, J., & Beňo, M. (2021). Linkages between PISA Results and E-Working. Emerging Science Journal, 5(3), 294-304. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01277
Go to original source...
- Hvorecký, J., Beňo, M., & Janoącová, R. (2021). Online Education as an Integral Part of Universities' Strategy. In Proceedings of the 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, (pp. 5197-5205). IATED. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.1066
Go to original source...
- Isaac, S., & Michael, W. B. (1997). Handbook in Research and Evaluation: A Collection of Principles, Methods, and Strategies Useful in the Planning, Design, and Evaluation of Studies in Education and the Behavioral sciences. Educational and Industrial Testing Services.
- Janoącová, R., & Hvorecký, J. (2020). Massification of Online Education: A Holistic Strategy. In 2020, 18th International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA), (pp. 226-235). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICETA51985.2020.9379275
Go to original source...
- Keegan, L. (2021). 79+ Staggering Online Learning Statistics! (All You Need To Know). https://skillscouter.com/online-learning-statistics
- Kim, H. J., Hong, A. J., & Song, H.-D. (2019). The roles of academic engagement and digital readiness in students' achievements in university e-learning environments. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0152-3
Go to original source...
- King, A. (1993). From Sage on the Stage to Guide on the Side. College Teaching, 41(1), 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.1993.9926781
Go to original source...
- Kling, R. (2007). What Is Social Informatics and Why Does It Matter? The Information Society, 23(4), 205-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240701441556
Go to original source...
- Kling, R., Rosenbaum, H., & Sawyer, S. (2005). Understanding and communicating social informatics: A framework for studying and teaching the human contexts of information and communication technologies. Information Today.
- Lichoro, D. M. (2015). Faculty preparedness for transition to teaching online courses in the Iowa Community College Online Consortium. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5383&context=etd
- Liguori, E., & Winkler, C. (2020). From Offline to Online: Challenges and Opportunities for Entrepreneurship Education Following the COVID-19 Pandemic. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 3(4), 251512742091673. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515127420916738
Go to original source...
- Lipovská, L., Hvorecký, J., & ©imúth, J. (2014). Virtuálna trieda. Equilibria.
- Makoe, M., Richardson, J. T. E., & Price, L. (2007). Conceptions of learning in adult students embarking on distance education. Higher Education, 55(3), 303-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9056-6
Go to original source...
- Mitchell, A. (2014). Online Courses and Online Teaching Strategies in Higher Education. Creative Education, 5(23), 2017-2019. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.523225
Go to original source...
- Montgomery, B. M., & Norton, R. W. (1981). Sex differences and similarities in communicator style. Communications Monographs, 48(2), 121-132.
Go to original source...
- Moodle. (2021). Moodle registration map, Europe. https://stats.moodle.org/
- Muñoz Carril, P. C., González Sanmamed, M., & Hernández Sellés, N. (2013). Pedagogical roles and competencies of university teachers practicing in the e-learning environment. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(3), 462. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i3.1477
Go to original source...
- Naderifar, M., Goli, H., & Ghaljaie, F. (2017). Snowball sampling: A purposeful method of sampling in qualitative research. Strides in Development of Medical Education, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.5812/sdme.67670
Go to original source...
- NCES. (2019). Distance Learning. https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=80
- OECD. (2020). Youth and COVID-19: Response, Recovery and Resilience. https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=134_134356-ud5kox3g26&title=Youth-and-COVID-19-Response-Recovery-and-Resilience&_ga=2.223238427.1658317499.1627300176-1787920977.1626341665
- Oliver, M., & Trigwell, K. (2005). Can "Blended Learning" Be Redeemed?. E-Learning and Digital Media, 2(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.2304/elea.2005.2.1.17
Go to original source...
- Palloff, R. M., & Pratt, K. (2007). Building Online Learning Communities: Effective Strategies for the Virtual Classroom. Jossey-Bass.
- Perveen, A. (2016). Synchronous and Asynchronous E-Language Learning: A Case Study of Virtual University of Pakistan. Open Praxis, 8(1), 21-39.
Go to original source...
- Ponto, J. (2015). Understanding and Evaluating Survey Research. Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology, 6(2), 168-171.
Go to original source...
- Preply. (2020). Methodik "Um Klassen smarter: Digitale Bildung iminternationalen Vergleich". https://preply.com/de/d/e-learning-index/files/full%20report-e-learning-index-preply.pdf
- RFA. (2020). Teacher Use of Digital Tools: Results of a Survey of District Teachers in Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Scranton and Neshaminy. https://8rri53pm0cs22jk3vvqna1ub-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/RFA-Survey-Results-Teaching-Tools-during-Covid-19.pdf
- Regulation of EC. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
- Rigo, F., & Mikuą, J. (2021). Asynchronous And Synchronous Distance Learning of English As a Foreign Language. Media Literacy and Academic Research, 4(1), 89-106.
- Rojas-Garcia, C. R., & Ruiz-Luna, A. (2020). The Surge of e-learning during the 2020 Covid-19 Crisis: Threat or Promise? An Exploration and Conversation with a Professional in Education. In The Impact of COVID19 on the International Education System, (pp. 55-70). Proudpen. https://doi.org/10.51432/978-1-8381524-0-6_4
Go to original source...
- Salmon, G. (2011). E-Moderating: The Key to teaching and Learning Online. Routledge.
- Schwartz, H. L., Grant, D., Diliberti, M. R., Hunter, G. P., & Setodji, C. M. (2020). Remote Learning Is Here to Stay. Results from the First American School District Panel Survey. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA956-1.html
- Seaman, J. (2009). Online Learning as a Strategic Asset. Volume II: The Paradox of Faculty Voices: Views and Experiences with Online Learning. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED517311.pdf
- Sener, J. E. (2010). Why Online Education Will Attain Full Scale. Online Learning, 14(4), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v14i4.152
Go to original source...
- ThinkImpact. (2021). eLearning Statistics. https://www.thinkimpact.com/elearning-statistics/
- Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and Social Interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2015.0021
Go to original source...
- Unesco. (2021). Total duration of school closures. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse
- Valverde-Berrocoso, J., Garrido-Arroyo, M. del C., Burgos-Videla, C., & Morales-Cevallos, M. B. (2020). Trends in Educational Research about e-Learning: A Systematic Literature Review (2009-2018). Sustainability, 12(12), 5153. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125153
Go to original source...
- Vadakalu Elumalai, K., P Sankar, J., R, K., Ann John, J., Menon, N., Salem M Alqahtani, M., & Abdulaziz Abumelha, M. (2020). Factors Affecting the Quality of E-Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Perspective of Higher Education Students. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 19, 731-753. https://doi.org/10.28945/4628
Go to original source...
- Vehovar, V. (2006). Social Informatics: An Emerging Discipline?. In Berleur J., Nurminen M.I., Impagliazzo J. (eds.) Social Informatics: An Information Society for all? (pp. 73-85). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-37876-3_6
Go to original source...
- Wegner, S. B., Holloway, K. C., & Garton, E. M. (2019). The Effects of Internet-Based Instruction on Student Learning. Online Learning, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v3i2.1920
Go to original source...
- Zolochevskaya, E. Yu., Zubanova, S. G., Fedorova, N. V., & Sivakova, Y. E. (2021). Education policy: the impact of e-learning on academic performance. In E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 244, 11024. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124411024
Go to original source...
- Zuvic-Butorac, M., Roncevic, N., Nemcanin, D., & Nebic, Z. (2011). Blended E-Learning in Higher Education: Research on Students' Perspective. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 8, 409-429. https://doi.org/10.28945/1427
Go to original source...
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.