Acta Informatica Pragensia 2025, 14(1), 155-173 | DOI: 10.18267/j.aip.2583188

Explanatory Model of Awareness Factors of Smart Technologies for Independent Living at Home in Later Life

Natalija Rebrica ORCID...1, Andraž Petrovčič ORCID...1, Urška Tuškej Lovšin ORCID...2
1 Centre for Social Informatics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
2 Centre for Marketing and Public Relations, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Background: Despite the rapid development of Smart Technologies for Independent Living at Home (STILH) among older adults, their market is still underdeveloped. Low awareness is one of the key reasons for the slow uptake of STILH in later life. A significant gap exists in the literature regarding the factors that shape older adults′ awareness of STILH.

Objective: The aim is to provide a conceptual overview and empirical test of awareness factors of STILH in later life. An explanatory model is proposed by integrating insights from consumer behaviour, information processing and technology adoption models.

Methods: The model is tested with structural equation modelling based on survey data from a sample of 1200 internet users aged 55+ in June 2024.

Results: The results support all the proposed hypotheses, indicating that exposure to information about STILH, source expertise, self-source congruity and individuals’ innovativeness directly influence awareness of STILH. Moreover, inherent novelty seeking and self-efficacy influence individuals’ innovativeness, and together with self-source congruity and source expertise positively affect exposure to information about STILH.

Conclusion: Based on the study results, interventions can be tailored to help scale up STILH more efficiently, ultimately improving quality of life.

Keywords: Awareness factors; Explanatory model; Older adults; Smart technologies for independent living at home; STILH.

Received: October 10, 2024; Revised: December 30, 2024; Accepted: January 17, 2025; Published: January 31, 2025  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Rebrica, N., Petrovčič, A., & Tuškej Lovšin, U. (2025). Explanatory Model of Awareness Factors of Smart Technologies for Independent Living at Home in Later Life. Acta Informatica Pragensia, 14(1), 155-173. doi: 10.18267/j.aip.258
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Aaker, D. A. (1996). Building strong brands. Free Press.
    2. Alba, J. W., & Hasher, L. (1983). Is memory schematic? Psychological Bulletin, 93(2), 203-231. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.93.2.203 Go to original source...
    3. Alba, J. W., & Hutchinson, J. W. (1987). Dimensions of consumer expertise. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(4), 411-454. https://doi.org/10.1086/209080 Go to original source...
    4. Anderson, M., & Perrin, A. (2017). Barriers to adoption and attitudes towards technology. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2017/05/17/barriers-to-adoption-and-attitudes-towards-technology/
    5. Armstrong, G., & Kotler, P. (2013). Marketing: An introduction (11th ed.). Prentice Hall.
    6. Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychological Association, 37(2), 122-147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122 Go to original source...
    7. Barry, T. E. (1987). The development of the hierarchy of effects: An historical perspective. Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 10(1), 251-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/01633392.1987.10504921 Go to original source...
    8. Biswas, D., Biswas, A., & Das, N. (2006). The differential effects of celebrity and expert endorsements on consumer risk perceptions. The role of consumer knowledge, perceived congruency, and product technology orientation. Journal of Advertising, 35(2), 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2006.1063923 Go to original source...
    9. Blackman, S., Matlo, C., Bobrovitskiy, C., Waldoch, A., Fang, M., Jackson, P., Mihailidis, A., Nygård, L., Astell, A. & Sixsmith, A. (2016). Ambient Assisted Living Technologies for Aging Well: A Scoping Review. Journal of Intelligent Systems, 25(1), 55-69. https://doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2014-0136 Go to original source...
    10. Bradley, M., Goodman-Deane, J., Waller, S., Tenneti, R., Langdon, P., & Clarkson, J. P. (2013). Age, technology prior experience and ease of use: Who's doing what? In M. Anderson (Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics and human factors (pp. 363-369). Taylor & Francis. Go to original source...
    11. Byrne, D. (1961). Interpersonal attraction and attitude similarity. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62(3), 713-715. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044721 Go to original source...
    12. Berger, C. R., & Calabrese, R. J. (1975). Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research, 1(2), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00258.x Go to original source...
    13. Cerella, J., & Hale, S. (1994). The rise and fall in information-processing rates over the life span. Acta Psychologica, 86, 109-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(94)90002-7 Go to original source...
    14. Cheek, P., Nikpour, L., & Nowlin, H. D. (2005). Aging well with smart technology. Nursing administration quarterly, 29(4), 329-338. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006216-200510000-00007 Go to original source...
    15. Chung, S., Carpenter, C. J., Shin, H., & Lee, W. (2020). Three models for persuasive effects of source expertise: The Heuristic Cue Model, the Evidence Model, and the Moderator Model. Asian Communication Research, 17(1), 40-75. https://doi.org/10.20879/ACR.2020.17.1.40 Go to original source...
    16. Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995). Computer self-efficacy: Development of a measure and initial test. MIS Quarterly, 19(2), 189-211. https://doi.org/10.2307/249688 Go to original source...
    17. Czaja, S. J., Boot, W. R., Charness, N., & Rogers, W. A. (2019). Designing for older adults: Principles and creative human factors approaches. Human Factors & Aging Series (3rd ed.). CRC Press. Go to original source...
    18. Dabholkar, P. A., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2002). An attitudinal model of technology-based self-service: Moderating effects of consumer traits and situational factors. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 30(3), 184-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070302303001 Go to original source...
    19. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982 Go to original source...
    20. Diamond, B. J., DeLuca, J., Rosenthal, D. R., Vlad, R., Davis, K., Lucas, G., Noskin, O., & Richards, J. A. (2000). Information processing in older versus younger adults: Accuracy versus speed. International Journal of Rehabilitation and Health, 5, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012911203468 Go to original source...
    21. Ebbinghaus, H. (1964). Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology. Dover Publications.
    22. Edge, M., Taylor, B., Dewsbury, G. & del Aguila, M. (2000). The potential for 'smart home'systems in meeting the care needs of older persons and people with disabilities. Senior's Housing Update, 10(1), 6-8.
    23. Engel, J. F., Blackwell, R. D., & Miniard, P. W. (1995). Consumer behavior (6th ed.). Dryden Press.
    24. Epstein, I., Aligato, A., Krimmel, T., & Mihailidis, A. (2016). Older adults' and caregivers' perspectives on in-home monitoring technology. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42(6), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20160308-02 Go to original source...
    25. European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology. (2023). The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI). https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/desi
    26. EUROSTAT. (2024). European health interview survey. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/microdata/european-health-interview-survey
    27. Evans, M. J., Jamal, A., & Foxall, G. R. (2013). Consumer behaviour (2nd ed.). Wiley.
    28. Festinger, L. (1950). Informal social communication. Psychological Review, 57(5), 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0056932 Go to original source...
    29. Fischer, S. H., David, D., Crotty, B. H., Dierks, M., & Safran, C. (2014). Acceptance and use of health information technology by community-dwelling elders. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 83(9), 624-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2014.06.005 Go to original source...
    30. Flynn, K. E., Smith, M. A., & Freese, J. (2006). When do older adults turn to the internet for health information? Findings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(12), 1295-1301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00622.x Go to original source...
    31. Foxall, G. R., Goldsmith, R. E., & Brown, S. (1998). Consumer psychology for marketing (2nd ed.). Thomson.
    32. Ghorayeb, A., Comber, R., & Gooberman-Hill, R. (2021). Older adults' perspectives of smart home technology: Are we developing the technology that older people want? International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 147, 102571. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHCS.2020.102571 Go to original source...
    33. Golant, S. M. (2017). A theoretical model to explain the smart technology adoption behaviors of elder consumers (Elderadopt). Journal of Aging Studies, 42, 56-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2017.07.003 Go to original source...
    34. Hair J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babbin B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate data analysis. Cengage.
    35. Harkness J. A. (2003). Questionnaire translation. In: J. A. Harkness, F. J. R. van de Vijver, & P. P. Mohler (Eds.) Cross-cultural survey methods (pp. 35-56). Wiley.
    36. Hasan, B. (2007). Examining the effects of computer self-efficacy and system complexity on technology acceptance. Information Resources Management Journal, 20(3), 76-88. http://doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2007070106 Go to original source...
    37. Heinz, M., Martin, P., Margrett, J. A., Yearns, M., Franke, W., Yang, H., Wong, J., & Chang, C. K. (2013). Perceptions of technology among older adults. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 39(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20121204-04 Go to original source...
    38. Hirschman, E. C. (1980). Innovativeness, novelty seeking, and consumer creativity. Journal of Consumer Research, 7(3), 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1086/208816 Go to original source...
    39. Hlebec, V., Srakar, A., & Majcen, B. (2016). Care for the elderly in Slovenia: A combination of informal and formal care. Revija za Socijalnu Politiku, 23(2), 159-179. https://doi.org/10.3935/rsp.v23i2.1317 Go to original source...
    40. Holliday, N., Ward, G., & Fielden, S. (2015). Understanding younger older consumers' needs in a changing healthcare market-supporting and developing the consumer market for electronic assisted living technologies. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 39(4), 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12192 Go to original source...
    41. Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., & Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communication and persuasion. Yale University Press.
    42. Howell, J. M., Shea, C. M., & Higgins, C. A. (2005). Champions of product innovations: Defining, developing, and validating a measure of champion behavior. Journal of Business Venturing, 20(5), 641-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.06.001 Go to original source...
    43. Hunsaker, A., Nguyen, M. H., Fuchs, J., Karaoglu, G., Djukaric, T., & Hargittai, E. (2020). Unsung helpers: Older adults as a source of digital media support for their peers. The Communication Review, 23(4), 309-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2020.1829307 Go to original source...
    44. Hvalič-Touzery, S., Laznik, J., & Petrovčič, A. (2024). "I'm still struggling with it, and it scares me": A qualitative analysis of older adults' experiences with digital health portals during and after COVID-19. Digital health, 10, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076241282247 Go to original source...
    45. Kalyanaraman, S., & Sundar, S. S. (2006). The psychological appeal of personalized content in Web portals: Does customization affect attitudes and behavior? Journal of Communication, 56(1), 110-132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00006.x Go to original source...
    46. Kavčič, M., Petrovčič, A., & Dolničar, V. (2023). Model of acceptance and use of market-ready home-based e-care services: A qualitative study with care receivers and informal caregivers. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 39(5), 988-1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2041898 Go to original source...
    47. Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700101 Go to original source...
    48. Khare, A., Singh, S., & Khare, A. (2010). Innovativeness/novelty-seeking behavior as determinants of online shopping behavior among Indian youth. Journal of Internet Commerce, 9(3-4), 164-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2010.529054 Go to original source...
    49. Kirmani, A., & Shiv, B. (1998). Effects of source congruity on brand attitudes and beliefs: The moderating role of issue-relevant elaboration. Journal of Consumer psychology, 7(1), 25-47. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp0701_02 Go to original source...
    50. Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of Structural Equation Modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
    51. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). Pearson Education.
    52. LaFave, S. E., Szanton, S. L., & Gitlin, L. N. (2021). Innovations for aging in place. In K. F. Ferraro & D. Carr (Eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (pp. 337-354). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815970-5.00021-8 Go to original source...
    53. Langley, J., Wheeler, G., Partridge, R., Bec, R., Wolstenholme, D., & Sproson, L. (2020). Designing with and for older people. In A. Woodcoock, L. Moody, D. McDonagh, A. Jain, & L. C. Jain (Eds.), Design of assistive technology for ageing populations. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol.167 (pp. 3-20). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26292-1 Go to original source...
    54. Lasswell, H. D. (1971). The structure and function of communication in society. In W. Schramm & D. F. Roberts (Eds.), The process and effects of mass communication (pp. 84-99). University of Illinois Press.
    55. Lee, C., & Coughlin, J. F. (2015). PERSPECTIVE: Older adults' adoption of technology: An integrated approach to identifying determinants and barriers. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(5), 747-759. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12176 Go to original source...
    56. Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer marketing: How message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501 Go to original source...
    57. Lu, A. S. (2013). An experimental test of the persuasive effect of source similarity in narrative and nonnarrative health blogs. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(7), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2386 Go to original source...
    58. McCrae, R. R., & Costa, T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52(5), 509-516. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509 Go to original source...
    59. McCroskey, J. C. (1966). Scales for the measurement of ethos. Speech Monographs, 33(1), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637756609375482 Go to original source...
    60. Mitzner, T. L., Savla, J., Boot, W. R., Sharit, J., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., & Rogers, W. A. (2018). Technology adoption by older adults: Findings from the PRISM trial. The Gerontologist, 59(1), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny113 Go to original source...
    61. Miyawaki, C. E., Belza, B., Kohn, M. J., & Petrescu-Prahova, M. (2018). Champions of an older adult exercise program: Believers, promoters, and recruiters. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 37(6), 728-744. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464816645921 Go to original source...
    62. Nieuwenhuis-Mark, R. E. (2012). Recall and the effect of repetition on recall. In N. M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the sciences of learning (pp 2779-2782). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_290 Go to original source...
    63. Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191 Go to original source...
    64. Peek, S. T. M., Wouters, E. J. M., van Hoof, J., Luijkx, K. G., Boeije, H. R., Hubertus J.M., & Vrijhoef, H. J. M. (2014). Factors influencing acceptance of technology for aging in place: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 83(4), 235-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2014.01.004 Go to original source...
    65. Peek, S. T. M., Luijkx, K. G., Vrijhoef, H. J. M., Nieboer, M. E., Aarts, S., van der Voort, C. S., Rijnaard, M. D., & Wouters, E. J. M. (2017). Origins and consequences of technology acquirement by independent-living seniors: Towards an integrative model. BMC geriatrics, 17, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0582-5 Go to original source...
    66. Peral‑Peral, B., Villarejo‑Ramos, A. F., & Arenas‑Gaitan, J. (2019). Self‑efficacy and anxiety as determinants of older adults' use of Internet Banking Services. Universal Access in the Information Society, 19, 825-840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-019-00691-w Go to original source...
    67. Petrovčič, A., Peek, S., Dolničar, V. (2019). Predictors of seniors' interest in assistive applications on smartphones: Evidence from a population-based survey in Slovenia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(9), 1623. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091623 Go to original source...
    68. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018). Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429502156 Go to original source...
    69. Quan-Haase, A., Williams, C., Kicevski, M., Elueze, I., & Wellman, B. (2018). Dividing the grey divide: Deconstructing myths about older adults' online activities, skills, and attitudes. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1207-1228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218777572 Go to original source...
    70. R Core Team. (2020). R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/
    71. Rahman, M. S., Ko, M., Warren, J., & Carpenter, D. (2016). Healthcare Technology Self-Efficacy (HTSE) and its influence on individual attitude: An empirical study. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 12-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.016 Go to original source...
    72. Rimal, R. N. (2001). Perceived risk and self-efficacy as motivators: Understanding individuals' long-term use of health information. Journal of Communication, 51(4), 633-654. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2001.tb02900.x Go to original source...
    73. Roelands, M., Van Oost, P., Buysse, A., & Depoorter A. (2002). Awareness among community-dwelling elderly of assistive devices for mobility and self-care and attitudes towards their use. Social Science & Medicine, 54(9), 1441-1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00126-5 Go to original source...
    74. Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations (3rd ed.). Free Press.
    75. Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02 Go to original source...
    76. Rossiter, J. R., & Percy, L. (1987). Advertising and promotion management (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
    77. Roth-Cohen, O., Levy, S., & Zigdon, A. (2021). The Mediated Role of Credibility on Information Sources and Patient Awareness toward Patient Rights. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8628. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168628 Go to original source...
    78. Rybenská, K., Knapová, L., Janiš, K., Kühnová, J., Cimler, R., & Elavsky, S. (2024). SMART technologies in older adult care: A scoping review and guide for caregivers. Journal of Enabling Technologies, 18(4), 200-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JET-05-2023-0016 Go to original source...
    79. Schramm, W. (1971). The nature of communication between humans. In W. Schramm & D. F. Roberts (Eds.), The process and effects of mass communication (pp. 3-516). University of Illinois Press.
    80. SHARE. (2024). Survey of health, ageing and retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 7. (Version 9.0.0.) [Data set]. SHARE. https://doi.org/10.6103/SHARE.w7.900 Go to original source...
    81. Shen, C., Wang, M. P., Wan, A., Viswanath, K., Chee Chan, S. S., & Lam, T. H. (2018). Health information exposure from information and communication technologies and its associations with health behaviors: Population-based survey. Preventive Medicine, 113, 140-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.018 Go to original source...
    82. Singh, S. N., & Cole, C. A. (1993). The effects of length, content, and repetition on television commercial effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(1), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.2307/3172516 Go to original source...
    83. Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-concept in consumer behavior: A critical review. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1086/208924 Go to original source...
    84. Smole Orehek, K., Hvalič-Touzery, S., Petrovčič, A., Dolničar, V., Debevc, M., & Kožuh, I. (2019). Psychological outcomes of eCare technologies use for informal carers: A scoping study. Gerontechnology, 18(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.4017/gt.2019.18.1.002.00 Go to original source...
    85. Solomon, M. R., Bamossy, G., Askegaard, S., & Hogg, M. K. (2016). Consumer behaviour: A European perspective (6th ed.) Pearson.
    86. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-37). Brooks/Cole.
    87. Taylor, E. S., & Crocker, J. (1981). Schematic bases of social information processing. In E. Higgins, P. Hermann, & M. Zanna (Eds.), The Ontario symposium on personality and social psychology: Vol. 1. Lawrence Erlbaum (pp. 89-134). Routledge. Go to original source...
    88. Tedeschi, J. T., & Bonoma, T. V. (2017). Power and Influence: An Introduction. In J. T. Tedeschi (Ed.), The social influence processes (1st ed.) (pp. 1-49). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315134970 Go to original source...
    89. Thakur, R., Angriawan, A., & Summey, J. H. (2016). Technological opinion leadership: The role of personal innovativeness, gadget love, and technological innovativeness. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 2764-2773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.11.012 Go to original source...
    90. Treisman, A. M. (1969). Strategies and models of selective attention. Psychological Review, 76(3), 282-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027242 Go to original source...
    91. Trepte, S. (2008). Consistency theories. The international encyclopedia of communication. Blackwell Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecc125 Go to original source...
    92. Truong, Y. (2013). A cross-country study of consumer innovativeness and technological service innovation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 20(1), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2012.10.014 Go to original source...
    93. Tsertsidis, A., Kolkowska, E., & Hedström, K. (2019). Factors influencing seniors' acceptance of technology for ageing in place in the post-implementation stage: A literature review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 129, 324-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.06.027 Go to original source...
    94. Tsikriktsis, N. (2004). A technology readiness-based taxonomy of customers: A replication and extension. Journal of Service Research, 7(1), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670504266132 Go to original source...
    95. Tsuji, Y., Bennett, G., & Leigh, J. H. (2009). Investigating factors affecting brand awareness of virtual advertising. Journal of Sport Management, 23, 511-544. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.4.511 Go to original source...
    96. Turner, J. C. (1991). Social influence. Open University Press
    97. Tyler, M., De George-Walker, L., & Simic, V. (2020). Motivation matters: Older adults and information communication technologies. Studies in the Education of Adults, 52(2), 175-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/02660830.2020.1731058 Go to original source...
    98. United Nations. (2020). World population ageing 2019. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WorldPopulationAgeing2019-Report.pdf
    99. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). (2021). Table B.1. UNECE Survey of countries regarding subjective poverty questions. https://unece.org/statistics/documents/2023/11/table-b1-unece-survey-countries-regarding-subjective-poverty-questions
    100. van Kessel, R., Hrzic, R., O'Nuallain, E., Weir, E., Wong, B. L. H., Anderson, M., Baron-Cohen, S., & Mossialos, E. (2022). Digital health paradox: International policy perspectives to address increased health inequalities for people living with disabilities. Journal of Medical Internet research, 24(2), e33819. https://doi.org/10.2196/33819 Go to original source...
    101. Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540 Go to original source...
    102. Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: Extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 157-178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412 Go to original source...
    103. Wangheim, F., & Bayon, T. (2004). The effect of word of mouth on services switching: Measurement and moderating variables. European Journal of Marketing, 38(9/10), 1173-1185. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560410548924 Go to original source...
    104. Ward. G., & Ray, S. (2011). Unlocking the potential of the younger older consumer: Consumer preferences and the assisted living market. Research findings from the COMODAL project. COMODAL. https://www.coventry.ac.uk/globalassets/media/global/05-research-section-assets/hdti/comodal-unlocking-the-potential-of-the-consumer-report.pdf
    105. Woodcock, A., Ward, G., Ray, S., Holliday, N., Prothero, L., Osmond, J., & Fielden, S. (2013). Younger older consumers of assistive technology products. In M. Anderson (Ed.), Contemporary ergonomics and human factors (pp. 370-377). Taylor & Francis. Go to original source...
    106. World Health Organization (WHO) & United Nations Children's Fund (‎UNICEF)‎. (‎2022)‎. Global report on assistive technology. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/354357
    107. Wu, P. C. S., & Wang, Y. C. (2011). The influences of electronic word-of-mouth message appeal and message source credibility on brand attitude. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 23(4), 448-472. https://doi.org/10.1108/13555851111165020 Go to original source...
    108. Zajonc, R. B. (1968). Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(2), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025848 Go to original source...
    109. Zhan, L., Guo, D., Chen, G., & Yang, J. (2018). Effects of repetition learning on associative recognition over time: Role of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, 277. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00277 Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content